Abstract: The prophylactic treatment of latent tuberculosis infection plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis. In recent years, studies have reported that HIV-infected patients, close contacts of active tuberculosis, and patients who use tumor necrosis factor antagonists should take the prophylactic treatment for latent tuberculosis infection. The currently preferred treatment is 9 months of isoniazid therapy (9INH), other regimens includes 6 months of isoniazid therapy (6INH), 4 months of rifampicin therapy (4RFP), 3 months of rifampin + isoniazid program (3（RFP+INH）), 3 months rifapentine + isoniazid program (3（Rft+INH)）. In China, due to the large number of latent tuberculosis infection, it is of great importance to launch the preventive treatment. However, the number of drug resistant patients ranked the first in the world, careful evaluation should be conducted in order to avoid the further increase in drug resistance.

Key words: Latent tuberculosis/drug therapy, Latent tuberculosis/prevention &, control, Clinical